Alcohol
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Pages 159-164 , November 2000

Multiple previous detoxifications are associated with less responsive treatment and heavier drinking during an index outpatient detoxification

Received 20 January 2000 ,Revised 14 July 2000 ,Accepted 25 July 2000.

References 

  1. Anton RF, Moak DH, Latham PK. The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS): a new method of assessing outcome in alcoholism treatment studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53:225–231
  2. Ballenger JC, Post RM. Kindling as a model for alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:1–14
  3. Becker HC, Hale RL. Repeated episodes of ethanol withdrawal potentiate the severity of subsequent withdrawals seizures: an animal model of alcohol withdrawal “Kindling”. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993;17:94–98
  4. Becker HC, Littleton JM. The alcohol withdrawal “kindling” phenomenon: clinical and experimental findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996;20:121A–124A
  5. Booth B, Blow F. The kindling hypothesis: further evidence from a U.S. National Survey of alcoholic man. Alcohol Alcohol. 1993;2:593–598
  6. Brown ME, Anton RF, Malcolm R, Ballenger JC. Alcoholic detoxification and withdrawal seizures: clinical support for a kindling hypothesis. Biol Psychiatry. 1988;23:507–514
  7. George MS, Teneback CC, Malcolm RJ, Moore J, Stallings LE, Anton RF, et al. Previous alcohol detoxifications are associated with decreased medical temporal and paralimbic function on the post-withdrawal period. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23:1077–1083
  8. Goddard GV, IcIntyre DC, Leech CK. A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Exp Neurol. 1969;25:295–330
  9. Gross MM, Rosendlatt SM, Lewis E, Chartof S, Malenowski B. Acute alcoholic psychoses in related syndromes: psychosocial and clinical characteristics and their implications. Br J Addict. 1972;65:15–31
  10. Lechtenberg R, Worner TM. Seizure risk with recurrent alcohol detoxification. Arch Neurol. 1990;47:535–538
  11. Lechtenberg R, Worner TM. Relative kindling effect of detoxification and nondetoxification admissions in alcohols. Alcohol Alcohol. 1991;26:221–225
  12. Lechtenberg R, Worner TM. Total ethanol consumption as a seizure risk actor in alcoholics. Acta Neurol Scand. 1992;85:90–94
  13. Littell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD. SAS System for Mixed Models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1996;
  14. Malcolm R, Ballenger JC, Sturgis ET, Anton R. Double-blind controlled trial comparing carbamazepine to oxazepam treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146:617–621
  15. Malcolm R, Heron J, Anton RF, Roberts J, Moore J. Recurrent detoxifications may elevate aspects of alcohol craving as measured by the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale. Alcohol. 1999;20:181–185
  16. McCown TJ, Breese GR. Multiple withdrawals from chronic ethanol “kindles” inferior collicular seizure activity: evidence for kindling of seizures associated with alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Res. 1990;14:394–399
  17. Saxena S, Brody AL, Schwartz JM, Baxter LR. Neuroimaging and frontal–subcortical circuity in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173:26–37
  18. Skinner HA, Allen BA. Alcohol dependent syndrome: measurement and validation. J Abnorm Psychol. 1982;91:199–209
  19. Sobell MB, Sobell LC. Behavioral treatment of alcohol problems. New York: Plenum Press; 1978;
  20. Stuppaeck CH, Pycha R, Miller C, Whitworth AB, Oberbauer H, Fleischhacker WW. Carbamazepine versus oxazepam in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal: a double-blind study. Alcohol Alcohol. 1991;27:153–158
  21. Sullivan J, Swift R, Lewis D. Benzodiazapine requirements during alcohol withdrawal syndrome: clinical implications of using a standardized withdrawal scale. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1911;11:291–295
  22. Veatch LM, Gonzales LP. Repeated ethanol withdrawal produces site-dependent increases in EEG spiking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996;20:262–267
  23. Worner TM. Relative kindling effect of readmissions in alcoholics. Alcohol Alcohol. 1991;31:375–380

☆ Supported by NIH NIAAA Grant #AA10761-04

PII: S0741-8329(00)00114-2

Alcohol
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Pages 159-164 , November 2000

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution