Alcohol
Volume 32, Issue 1 , Pages 45-52 , January 2004

Polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor, serotonin transporter, and GABAA receptor β3 subunit genes and alcoholism in Mexican-Americans

  • Tamiko Konishi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
    • ,
  • Maria Calvillo

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
    • ,
  • Ai-She Leng

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
    • ,
  • Keh-Ming Lin

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
    • ,
  • Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, Mail Stop 1018 Breidenthal Building, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-913-588-9111; fax: +1-913-588-7501.

Received 12 September 2003 ,Revised 27 October 2003 ,Accepted 11 November 2003.

References 

  1. Amadeo S, Abbar M, Fourcade ML, Waksman G, Leroux MG, Madec A, et al. D2 dopamine receptor gene and alcoholism. J Psychiatr Res. 1993;27:173–179
  2. American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.. Washington, DC: Author; 1994;
  3. Arinami T, Gao M, Hamaguchi H, Toru M. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet. 1997;6:577–582
  4. Arinami T, Itokawa M, Komiyama T, Mitsushio H, Mori H, Mifune H, et al. Association between severity of alcoholism and the A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor gene TaqI A RFLP in Japanese. Biol Psychiatry. 1993;33:108–114
  5. Blomqvist O, Ericson M, Johnson DH, Engel JA, Söderpalm B. Voluntary ethanol intake in the rat: effects of nicotine acetylcholine receptor blockade or subchronic nicotine treatment. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996;314:257–267
  6. Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, Finley O, Montgomery A, Ritchie T, et al. Association of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene with severe alcoholism. Alcohol. 1991;8:409–416
  7. Blum K, Noble EP, Sheridan PJ, Montgomery A, Ritchie T, Jagadeeswaran P, et al. Allelic association of human dopamine D2 receptor gene in alcoholism. JAMA. 1990;263:2055–2060
  8. Breen G, Brown J, Maude S, Fox H, Collier D, Li T, et al. -141 C del/ins polymorphism of the dopamine receptor 2 gene is associated with schizophrenia in a British population. Am J Med Genet. 1999;88:407–410
  9. Caetano R, Clark CL. Trends in alcohol consumption patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics: 1984 and 1995. J Stud Alcohol. 1998;59:659–668
  10. Castiglione CM, Deinard AS, Speed WC, Sirugo G, Rosenbaum HC, Zhang Y, et al. Evolution of haplotypes at the DRD2 locus. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;57:1145–1156
  11. Chen WJ, Chen C-H, Huang J, Hsu Y-P, Seow S-V, Chen C-C, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the promoter region of dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine transporter genes and alcoholism among four aboriginal groups and Han Chinese in Taiwan. Psychiatr Genet. 2001;11:187–195
  12. Collier DA, Stober G, Li T, Heils A, Catalano M, Di Bella D, et al. A novel functional polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene: possible role in susceptibility to affective disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 1996;1:453–460
  13. Comings DE, Comings BG, Muhleman D, Dietz G, Shahbahrami B, Tast D, et al. The dopamine D2 receptor locus as a modifying gene in neuropsychiatric disorders. JAMA. 1991;266:1793–1800
  14. Cruz C, Camarena B, Mejia JM, Paez F, Eroza V, Ramon De La Fuente J, et al. The dopamine D2 receptor gene TaqI A1 polymorphism and alcoholism in a Mexican population. Arch Med Res. 1995;26:421–426
  15. Gelernter J, Kranzler H, Cubells JF. Serotonin transporter protein (SLC6A4) allele and haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibria in African- and European-American and Japanese populations and in alcohol-dependent subjects. Hum Genet. 1997;101:243–246
  16. Gelernter J, O'Malley S, Risch N, Kranzler HR, Krystal J, Merikangas K, et al. No association between an allele at the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) and alcoholism. JAMA. 1991;266:1801–1807
  17. Goldman D, Brown GL, Albaugh B, Robin R, Goodson S, Trunzo M, et al. DRD2 dopamine receptor genotype, linkage disequilibrium, and alcoholism in American Indians and other populations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1993;17:199–204
  18. Goldman D, Dean M, Brown GL, Bolos AM, Tokola R, Virkkunen M, et al. D2 dopamine receptor genotype and cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in alcoholics in Finland and the United States. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992;86:351–357
  19. Gorwood P, Batel P, Adès J, Hamon M, Boni C. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms, alcoholism, and suicidal behavior. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;48:259–264
  20. Grandy DK, Zhang Y, Civelli O. PCR detection of the TaqA RFLP at the DRD2 locus. Hum Mol Genet. 1993;2:2197
  21. Hallikainen T, Saito T, Lachman HM, Volavka J, Pohjalainen T, Ryynanen OP, et al. Association between low activity serotonin transporter promoter genotype and early onset alcoholism with habitual impulsive violent behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 1999;4:385–388
  22. Hammoumi S, Payen A, Favre J-D, Balmes J-L, Benard J-Y, Husson M, et al. Does the short variant of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region constitute a marker of alcohol dependence?. Alcohol. 1999;17:107–112
  23. Hanis CL, Hewett-Emmett D, Bertin TK, Schull WJ. Origins of U.S. Hispanics. Implications for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:618–627
  24. Harvey RJ, Chinchetru MA, Darlison MG. Alternative splicing of a 51-nucleotide exon that encodes a putative protein kinase C phosphorylation site generates two forms of the chicken γ-Aminobutyric AcidA receptor β2 subunit. J Neurochem. 1994;62:10–16
  25. Hauge XY, Grandy DK, Eubanks JH, Evans GA, Civelli O, Litt M. Detection and characterization of additional DNA polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor gene. Genomics. 1991;10:527–530
  26. Hornung JP, De Tribolet N. Distribution of GABA-containing neurons in human frontal cortex: a quantitative immunocytochemical study. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1994;189:139–145
  27. Howard LA, Micu AL, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF. Low doses of nicotine and ethanol induce CYP2E1 and chlorzoxazone metabolism in rat liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;299:542–550
  28. Ishiguro H, Arinami T, Saito T, Akazawa S, Enomoto M, Mitushio H, et al. Association study between the -141C Ins/Del and TaqI A polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998;22:845–848
  29. Ishiguro H, Saito T, Akazawa S, Mitushio H, Tada K, Enomoto M, et al. Association between drinking-related antisocial behavior and a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene in a Japanese population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23:1281–1284
  30. Istvan J, Matarazzo JD. Tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine use: a review of their interrelationships. Psychol Bull. 1984;95:301–326
  31. Kofuji P, Wang JB, Moss SJ, Huganir RL, Burt DR. Generation of two forms of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor gamma 2-subunit in mice by alternative splicing. J Neurochem. 1991;56:713–715
  32. Konishi T, Calvillo M, Leng A-S, Feng J, Lee T, Lee H, et al. The ADH3∗2 and CYP2E1 c2 alleles increase the risk of alcoholism in Mexican American men. Exp Mol Pathol. 2003;74:183–189
  33. Konishi T, Smith JL, Lin KM, Wan YJ. Influence of genetic admixture on polymorphisms of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes: analyses of mutations on the CYP2E1, ADH2, ADH3 and ALDH2 genes in a Mexican-American population living in the Los Angeles area. Alcohol Alcohol. 2003;38:93–94
  34. Koob GF, Swerdlow NR. The functional output of the mesolimbic dopamine system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1988;537:216–227
  35. Kranzler H, Lappalainen J, Nellissery M, Gelernter J. Association study of alcoholism subtypes with a functional promoter polymorphism in the serotonin transporter protein gene. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002;26:1330–1335
  36. Lahiri DK, Nurnberger JI. A rapid non-enzymatic method for the preparation of HMW DNA from blood for RFLP studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991;19:5444
  37. Lê AD, Corrigall WA, Harding JWS, Juzytsch W, Li T-K. Involvement of nicotinic receptors in alcohol self-administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000;24:155–163
  38. LeMarquand D, Pihl RO, Benkelfat C. Serotonin and alcohol intake, abuse, and dependence: clinical evidence. Biol Psychiatry. 1994;36:326–337
  39. Lesch K-P, Bengel D, Heils A, Sabol SZ, Greenberg BD, Petri S, et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science. 1996;274:1527–1531
  40. Levitan ES, Schofield PR, Burt DR, Rhee LM, Wisden W, Köhler M, et al. Structural and functional basis for GABAA receptor heterogeneity. Nature. 1988;335:76–79
  41. Lichtermann D, Hranilovic D, Trixler M, Franke P, Jernej B, Delmo CD, et al. Support for allelic association of a polymorphic site in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene with risk for alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:2045–2047
  42. Matsushita S, Yoshino A, Murayama M, Kimura M, Muramatsu T, Higuchi S. Association study of serotonin transporter gene regulatory region polymorphism and alcoholism. Am J Med Genet. 2001;105:446–450
  43. Meltzer H, Arora RC. Genetic control of serotonin uptake in blood platelets: a twin study. Psychiatry Res. 1988;24:263–269
  44. Mendoza R, Wan Y-JY, Poland RE, Smith M, Zheng Y, Berman N, et al. CYP2D6 polymorphism in a Mexican American population. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;70:552–560
  45. Mutirangura A, Ledbetter SA, Kuwano A, Chinault AC, Ledbetter DH. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the GABAA receptor β3 (GABRβ3) locus in the Angelman/Prader-Willi region (AS/PWS) of chromosome 15. Hum Mol Genet. 1992;1:67
  46. Nakamura T, Muramatsu T, Ono Y, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Muzushima H, et al. Serotonin transporter gene regulatory region polymorphism and anxiety-related traits in the Japanese. Am J Med Genet. 1997;74:544–545
  47. Nayeem N, Green TP, Martin IL, Barnard EA. Quaternary structure of the native GABAA receptor determined by electron microscopic image analysis. J Neurochem. 1994;62:815–818
  48. Noble EP. DRD2 gene and alcoholism. Science. 1998;281:1287–1288
  49. Noble EP, Syndulko K, Fitch RJ, Ritchie T, Bohlman MC, Guth P, et al. D2 dopamine receptor TaqI A alleles in medically ill alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients. Alcohol Alcohol. 1994;29:729–744
  50. Noble EP, Zhang X, Ritchie T, Lawford BR, Grosser SC, Young RM, et al. D2 dopamine receptor and GABAA receptor β3 subunit genes and alcoholism. Psychiatry Res. 1998;81:133–147
  51. O'Hara BF, Smith SS, Bird G, Persico AM, Suarez BK, Cutting GR, et al. Dopamine D2 receptor RFLPs, haplotypes and their association with substance use in black and Caucasian research volunteers. Hum Hered. 1993;43:209–218
  52. Oliveri RL, Annesi G, Zappia M, Civitelli D, De Marco EV, Pasqua AA, et al. The dopamine D2 receptor gene is a susceptibility locus for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2000;15:127–131
  53. Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression: focus on the serotonin transporter. Clin Chem. 1994;40:288–295
  54. Parsian A, Cloninger CR. Serotonergic pathway genes and subtypes of alcoholism: association studies. Psychiatr Genet. 2001;11:89–94
  55. Parsian A, Cloninger CR, Zhang ZH. Functional variant in the DRD2 receptor promoter region and subtypes of alcoholism. Am J Med Genet. 2000;96:407–411
  56. Parsian A, Todd RD, Devor EJ, O'Malley KL, Suarez BK, Reich T, et al. Alcoholism and alleles of the human D2 dopamine receptor locus. Studies of association and linkage. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:655–663
  57. Potthoff AD, Ellison G, Nelson L. Ethanol intake increases during continuous administration of amphetamine and nicotine, but not several other drugs. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983;18:489–493
  58. Radel M, Goldman D. Pharmacogenetics of alcohol response and alcoholism: the interplay of genes and environmental factors in thresholds for alcoholism. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001;29(4 Pt 2):489–494
  59. Sander T, Harms H, Dufeu P, Kuhn S, Hoehe M, Lesch K-P, et al. Serotonin transporter gene variants in alcohol-dependent subjects with dissocial personality disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998;43:908–912
  60. Sander T, Harms H, Lesch K-P, Dufeu P, Kuhn S, Hoehe M, et al. Association analysis of a regulatory variation of the serotonin transporter gene with severe alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997;21:1356–1359
  61. Sander T, Ladehoff M, Samochowiec J, Finckh U, Rommelspacher H, Schmidt LG. Lack of an allelic association between polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor gene and alcohol dependence in the German population. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999;23:578–581
  62. Smith SS, O'Hara BF, Persico AM, Gorelick DA, Newlin DB, Vlahov D, et al. Genetic vulnerability to drug abuse. The D2 dopamine receptor Taq I B1 restriction fragment length polymorphism appears more frequently in polysubstance abusers. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49:723–727
  63. Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Kozlowski LT, Toneatto T. Alcohol or tobacco research versus alcohol and tobacco research. Br J Addict. 1990;85:263–269
  64. Takahashi T, Lasker JM, Rosman AS, Lieber CS. Induction of cytochrome P-4502E1 in the human liver by ethanol is caused by a corresponding increase in encoding messenger RNA. Hepatology. 1993;17:236–245
  65. Thompson MD, Gonzalez N, Nguyen T, Comings DE, George SR, O'Dowd BF. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in alcohol dependence. Alcohol. 2000;22:61–67
  66. Turner E, Ewing J, Shilling P, Smith TL, Irwin M, Schuckit M, et al. Lack of association between an RFLP near the D2 dopamine receptor gene and severe alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry. 1992;31:285–290
  67. Twitchell GR, Hanna GL, Cook EH, Stoltenberg SF, Fitzgerald HE, Zucker RA. Serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism genotype is associated with behavioral disinhibition and negative affect in children of alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001;25:953–959
  68. Wagstaff J, Knoll JH, Fleming J, Kirkness EF, Martin-Gallardo A, Greenberg F, et al. Localization of the gene encoding the GABAA receptor β3 subunit to the Angelman/Prader-Willi region of human chromosome 15. Am J Hum Genet. 1991;49:330–337
  69. Wan YJ, Poland RE, Lin KM. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2E1, ADH2, and ALDH2 in Mexican-Americans. Genet Test. 1998;2:79–83
  70. Ymer S, Draguhn A, Wisden W, Werner P, Keinanen K, Schofield PR, et al. Structural and functional characterization of the gamma 1 subunit of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors. EMBO J. 1990;9:3261–3267

PII: S0741-8329(04)00007-2

doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.11.002

Alcohol
Volume 32, Issue 1 , Pages 45-52 , January 2004

Article Tools